German Retail Payments: The Deutsche Bundesbank’s clearing service

As the cornerstone of the German financial system, the Deutsche Bundesbank provides a cost-effective, high-performance platform for non-urgent Euro retail payments (the English term for Massenzahlungsverkehr), known as the EMZ (Elektronischer Massenzahlungsverkehr). It serves as a reliable, neutral infrastructure for credit institutions and public authorities. The German Retail Payment System The Deutsche Bundesbank’s RPS is…

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How should AI risks be managed under DORA?

SEPA BaFin DORA

On December 18, 2025, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) published a guidance document for regulated financial companies, meant to provide support for using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The document isn’t mandatory but is supposed to make the regulatory requirements for using AI more understandable in light of the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). This article…

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PONTES

Pontes (Latin: bridges) is the name of a pilot project of the Eurosystem that enables the settlement of large customer financial transactions in central bank money using distributed ledger technology (DLT). The aim is to build a bridge between modern market platforms and the existing TARGET services in order to strengthen interoperability in European payments.…

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APPIA

Appia and Pontes: The Eurosystem’s DLT strategy for wholesale payments After extensive exploratory work with over 50 tests in 2024, the Eurosystem has set the course for the future of the tokenized financial market. In June 2025, the ECB Governing Council adopted a two-pronged strategy to massively advance the settlement of DLT-based wholesale transactions in…

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The Downfall of the Card Industry

SEAP SCT Inst QR

The global card industry will certainly not go under any time soon, but at least in the Euro countries it will lose business from 2025. SEPA Instant Payments (SCT Inst) will be able to replace card payments in many cases. The article explains why this is the case. Cashless Payment with Card or Smartphone Fewer…

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Status of the digital Euro (D€)

Digitaler Euro SEPA

Anyone travelling across the eurozone can make cash payments in Euros everywhere without any problems, but not cashless payments. The individual Euro countries and their banks continue to maintain their national payment systems (such as the girocard in Germany), which usually cannot be used across borders (unless the card is combined with an additional “scheme”).…

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SCT Inst Bulk Processing

SEPA Instant Payment

Retail payment transactions generally are not handled as single transactions but  with bulk files. Corporates in the SEPA area submit payments to their house bank in pain messages. This XML structure allows the creation of so-called bulks, i.e. a large number of payments can be transmitted in a structured manner. The SEPA Bank converts the…

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The Deutsche Bundesbank’s SEPA Clearer

SEPA Clearer BBk

With the TARGET system, the EU has created the infrastructure for clearing and settling cross-border payments between Euro countries. The vast majority of transactions take place domestically and here the respective national bank is required to offer efficient solutions to the banks in their country. The Bundesbank’s system for these retail payments is called SEPA…

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SEPA Name check

IBAN name check SCT SEPA

Anyone making a credit transfer (or direct debit) in the SEPA area enters the name of the recipient (or payer), but this is currently not matched by the bank. Simple transposed numbers are effectively prevented by the IBAN check digit. However, if fraudsters send a forged invoice to a victim, for example, the recipient’s name…

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